Abstract/Sommario: The paper examines a recent debate at the highest level of China's politico-legal leadership on the application of the death penality. The debate centers around the interpretation of a new criminal justice policy, called " balancing leniecy and severity" and around limiting the death penality to all but the most egregious criminals. The number of people being executed in the People's Republic of China each year is thought to be up to 10,000