Abstract/Sommario: The Buddhist idea of merit created by chanting scriptures and mantras is well known, but less so is the fact that these ritual repetitions could be parlayed into hard cash. One could hire monks and nuns, but it was expensive; more reasonably priced were the 'reading prayers women'. This practice brought to the surface familiar categories of anti-Catholic rhetoric. Also it was an example of many economic practices that made heathenism not just a set for wrong ideas but a huge industr ...; [Leggi tutto...]
The Buddhist idea of merit created by chanting scriptures and mantras is well known, but less so is the fact that these ritual repetitions could be parlayed into hard cash. One could hire monks and nuns, but it was expensive; more reasonably priced were the 'reading prayers women'. This practice brought to the surface familiar categories of anti-Catholic rhetoric. Also it was an example of many economic practices that made heathenism not just a set for wrong ideas but a huge industry, an economic army that indeed should have felt threatened by missions of the Church Missionary Society of the Church of England and related organizations such as the Zenana Missionary Society. Churches in the mission fields had systems of education, examination, and probation, along with a series of specific measurements of commitment, which consisted of giving up all worship of idols, polygamy, foot-binding, opium, temple employment, and vegetarian vows. Hence, it was never a simple matter for a Chinese to become Christian. The well-known term of 'rice-Christian' signalled a phenomenon ( Chinese converting only for material benefit). A good number of converts were employed as servants: still the suspicion persisted that Christian servants had converted insincerely. The category 'rice Christian', however, names primarily a kind of missionary fear or alienation rather than the reality of converts.
Abstract/Sommario: Francis Thomas McDougall (1817-1886) was the first Anglican missionary for the new State of Sarawak on the Island of Borneo in 1847. On his arrival he found a small independent country that had already experienced seven years of paternalistic rule under James Brooke, the Indian-born English Rajah. It was clear from the beginning that the missionaries saw themselves as allies of the rajah, their task being to introduce 'a good leaven of Christianity and the arts of civilization. As an ...; [Leggi tutto...]
Francis Thomas McDougall (1817-1886) was the first Anglican missionary for the new State of Sarawak on the Island of Borneo in 1847. On his arrival he found a small independent country that had already experienced seven years of paternalistic rule under James Brooke, the Indian-born English Rajah. It was clear from the beginning that the missionaries saw themselves as allies of the rajah, their task being to introduce 'a good leaven of Christianity and the arts of civilization. As an expression of his early hopes, McDougall built a church and mission house in Kuching, and some schools. The Christian Home school had to train indigenous ministry: it educated the leaders of Sarawak society over the past 150 years and was to become his most enduring legacy. Since the Dayak culture seemed to contain elements of goodness and truth, the task of the missionary was to accept and build on that foundation, not to belittle or destroy it, adapting itself to the varoius tempers, customs and habits. McDougall, having noticed how the Dayaks accompanied most of the important undertaking of their daily lives with some religious act, recommended that missionaries invest occasions such as sowing and reaping of the rice crops, building of homes, and birth and death with a kind of sacramental halo. McDougall anticipated future trends: in missiology he was able to rise above the limits of Anglican thought in his ays and pointthe way to a future where inclusivism would be respectable