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Czarist Missionary Contact with Central Asia: Models of Contextualization?

Abstract/Sommario: From the 16. century the Russian Empire became more assertive and expansionist. The conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan opened the door to localized evangelism among the people of Siberia by exceptional men. Russian expansion into the Crimea and Central Asia linked conversion with colonization: as Russian expanded into the southern steppes, missionary work was used as a way to assimilate and penetrate new regions. In 1773 Catherine adopted a new policy toward the Muslims of her empire. Tr ...; [leggi tutto] From the 16. century the Russian Empire became more assertive and expansionist. The conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan opened the door to localized evangelism among the people of Siberia by exceptional men. Russian expansion into the Crimea and Central Asia linked conversion with colonization: as Russian expanded into the southern steppes, missionary work was used as a way to assimilate and penetrate new regions. In 1773 Catherine adopted a new policy toward the Muslims of her empire. Trying to avoid rebellions, she sought to win to the goodwill of her Muslim subjects. Reversing earlier imperial policies, she had new mosques built, and benefits were no longer offered to new Christian converts. This change led to a mass exodus to superficial converts back to Islam. In 19. century, the apostasy that widespread in Muslim regions caused the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church to begin appealing for missionaries. Makarii Glukharev (1792-1849) began his mission in the Altai Range. When preaching proved to be inadequate, Glukharev set out to become a servant to the nomads, especially in the areas of medicine and hygiene, introducing vaccination , going into local homes and doing the cleaning himself. In 1839 he published a volume outlining his theology and incorporating some of his ideas on missionary training (Thoughts on Means of the Most Successful Expansion of the Christian Faith Among Jews, Mohammedans, and Heathens in the Russian Empire). He recommended a program that included medicine, nursing, and agriculture. On the field, Glukharev was very cautious in admitting the nomadic tribesman to baptism: over the course of 13 years he baptized 650 adults. By the turn of the century there were 25.000 converts, 188 Christian villages, 67 churches with services entirely in the vernacular languages. Nikolai Ivanovitch Ilminskii (1822-1891) outlined the principles for cross-cultural evangelism. He translated portions of the Scripture and liturgical works into the colloquial languages of the Tatars. Illminskii first assertion was that a mission must preach to each tribe in its common conversational language. Accordingly, the Scriptures and the Orthodox liturgical books must be translated into the vernacular of each people, with the direct aid of the indigenous people. He produced a phonetic script easily accessible to common people, then using Russian characters, he eliminated the use of Arabic script: in this way Ilminskii set out to break the link with Islam. Because of the needs for highly influent teachers and priests, Ilminskii recommended that indigenous educators and clergy be trained. The establishment of the Russian Missionary Society in 1865 further consolidated the work of the Orthodox Church [comprimi]

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Campo	Valore
Descrizione	Czarist Missionary Contact with Central Asia: Models of Contextualization?/ David M. Johnstone
Note	IN Per: International Bulletin of Missionary Research, vol. 31, n. 2 (2007 April) p. 66-72 : ill.
	[Fa parte di] International Bulletin of Mission Research / Overseas Ministries Study Center 2007, 31, 2 ; p. 66-72 : ill.
Autori	Johnstone, David M.
Soggetto	Glukharev, Makarii 81792-1849> - Attività missionaria - Siberia Ilminskii, Nikolai Ivanovitch <1922-1891> - Attività missionaria - Asia Centrale Missionari ortodossi - Asia centrale - 16.-19. sec.
Lingua	Inglese
ID scheda	58453

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