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Abstract/Sommario: The paper discusses the composition, performances and trends of foreign trade of Bangladesh, compared to other countries. Several tables illustrate the paper: Export earnings and export growth (1991/92-2002/03); Commodity wise export earnings and export growth (2001-2003; export earnings from primary and manufactures goods (1982-2003; import composition; Country-wise export of Bangladesh (1998-2003 etc.

Abstract/Sommario: The essay describes the sponsorship pattern of universities in societies that are in the initial stages of establishing a modern system of higher education. Who sponsor the initial founding and expansion of universities in non-Western context? Why were these sponsors willing to invest resources in these non-profit institutions? The paper investigates the sponsorship patterns behind the founding of universities in modern Japan (late 19th century) and modern China (early 20th century).

Abstract/Sommario: A Nongmingong is someone who is registered as a rural resident, but working in a town, city or industrial site, either on a temporary or long-term basis. Reliable statistics reveals that in 2003 about 113,9 million farmers worked outside their home villages and that the entire 'floating population' had reached 140 million. This does not mean that they have obtained migration rights. Despite the expedient acquiescence by the government, the NMGs are similar to US illegal immigrants. In ...; [Leggi tutto...] A Nongmingong is someone who is registered as a rural resident, but working in a town, city or industrial site, either on a temporary or long-term basis. Reliable statistics reveals that in 2003 about 113,9 million farmers worked outside their home villages and that the entire 'floating population' had reached 140 million. This does not mean that they have obtained migration rights. Despite the expedient acquiescence by the government, the NMGs are similar to US illegal immigrants. In other words, they can enter the cities, but have to prepare for forced departure at any given time. They have few rights to urban housing ownership, they live in old and run-down dwellings with abysmal living conditions. As a result, Chinese farmers can only engage in self-help by utilizing the border lands between the cities and villages where they build 'villages in cities' that serve essentially as low-cost lodging for the NMGs. The NMGs come the last among those performing 25 different types of jobs in terms of both their social and economic status. One of the key NMGs' social rights is their children's access to an equal urban education: first, NMGs' children are not admitted into urban public schools; additionally, schools for NMGs children have to deal with a lot of undue pressures. Most schools have problems such as precarious housing, electric and gas hazards, as well as food safety and transportation issues. So, due to the aforementioned discriminations, many children have to remain in their home villages in order to stay in school. The NMGs who have been living in cities for a long time have to deal with a kind of identity crisis